Magazines (Woman and Adbusters)- revision summary
Magazines context:
Layout features-
Layout features-
- Anchorage= where written text is used to 'pin down' the meaning of an image
- Cover lines= used on the front cover to give readers an insight into the content and main articles in the magazine
- Feature= a main article/story
- Standfirst= short piece of written text between the headline and main article
- Main image= key visual element of the front cover
- Brand identity= communicates a clear message about the magazine
- Headline= written text that indicates the content of an article
- Strapline= short phrase encapsulating the essence of the magazine
- Pull quotes= key phrases from the article
- Alley= space between the columns of text
- Gutter= space between two pages of text in a magazine
- White space= area on the page that is free of text or images
Magazine genres-
- Organisation/customer magazines= customers of a particular organisation or company e.g. Waitrose food
- Business or trade magazines= aimed at people working in a particular business, trade or profession
- Consumer magazines= general public, wide range of interests
Industry terms-
- Dual revenue streams= revenue from two different sources e.g. adverts and selling product
- Risk averse= companies unwilling to take risks
- Diversification= expanding operations into new areas
- Monopoly= one company that establishes dominance in that sector of the industry
- Oligopoly= small number of companies establish control
- Statutory regulation= system of regulation implemented by law, often threatens the principles of self regulation
4Cs- Cross Cultural Consumer Characterisation-
- Mainstreamers= seek security, domestic, conventional
- Aspirers= seek status, materialistic, seek attractive packaging
- Succeeders= seek control, strong goals and work ethic
- Resigned= seek survival, interested in tradition, typically older people
- Explorers= seek discovery, energy, values adventure
- Strugglers= seek escape, disorganised, buys alcohol and junk food
- Reformers= seeks enlightenment, freedom of restrictions, anti-materialistic
Woman magazine:
Front cover-
- Central image- reflects a typical 1960s housewife, minimal makeup, practical hairstyle
- Housestyle- masthead is very feminine, bold and clear
- Visual codes- smiling, healthy, positive
- Colour- Frank Mahnke's book 'Colour, Environment and the Human Response' states that pastel colours evoke openness and relaxation
- Print and technical codes- medium close up shot, jutting collar bones suggests ideas about body image
- Language and mode of address-
- 'Seven Star Improvements for your kitchen'- sibilance, 'star' suggests best content, domesticity
- 'British women have a special type of magic'- pull quote from Alfred Hitchcock, famous film director and producer
- 'World's Greatest, Weekly for Woman'- alliteration, enforces target audience
- 'Lingerie goes lively'- alliteration, need to please husbands
'Are you an A-Level Beauty?' article-
- Headline- rhetorical question, historical context women had little education etc
- Images- all white women
- Layout- set up like a game, suggests knowing makeup is vital for women
- Repetition of ellipsis- 'Ever tried...', 'Do you know...', 'Ever used...'
Breeze advert-
- Central image- glamourised and sexualised, unrealistic, white woman, blowing a kiss- semiotics
- Print and technical codes- medium shot, shows body, uses erotic imagery to sell product
- Language and mode of address-
- 'Darling, you need Breeze. Because Breeze'- plosive alliteration, repetition of 'darling'
- 'Bath with breeze'- imperative
- 'Feminine' and 'Fresh'- fricative language
Creme Puff advert-
- Layout and design- set out like a storyboard
- Central image- white woman and man, man's suit suggests power and dominance (semiotics), approaches her reflecting patriarchal society
- Language and mode of address-
- 'Soft', 'puff', 'pastel', 'velvety'- lexical field of delicate words, suggestion about women
- 'Frantically rushing to meet that special someone?'- rhetorical question, suggestion that women need to wear makeup to please men
- 'beauty at a moment's notice...'- ellipsis, need makeup for beauty
Army Corps application-
- Entire application is atypical to the rest of the magazine, suggests women should go out and adventure which breaks domesticity of magazine
- Image- atypically is mostly copy, small image shows a white woman
- Language and mode of address-
- 'Sun's shining', 'complete change', 'frankly fed up'- alliteration
- 'Any ideas?', 'What's the answer?'- rhetorical question engages reader
- 'Are you wondering how to be more than just a cog in a machine?'- metaphor, reflecting historical treatment of women at the time and their expected roles
- 'Careers, travel, independence, friendship'- listing, sells product
- Anecdotes from Margaret, Brenda and Beryl act as identification for the reader (uses and gratifications)
Industry-
- Published by the IPC (International Publishing Company)
- Has many titles and mainstream magazines
- Economic factors- conglomerate, weekly costs of 7d, advertising revenue, mainstream and presents typical societal norms
- Set edition- August 1964
Audience-
- Age 20-40
- Gender- female
- Socio-economic group- white, middle class
- Interests- makeup, fashion, children, cooking, romance, domestic, etc
- Values- mainstreamers
Theories-
Adbusters magazine:
Front cover-
- Layout and design- minimal reflecting anti-materialistic values of the magazine
- Central image- black man (Gilroy), camouflage dress codes perhaps suggesting how other ethnicities are often absent from the media or linking to war to demonstrate the fight against consumerism, climate change, etc
- Mud-like texture- environmental ethos of the magazine
'Louboutin' spoof advert-
- Central image- black child, just their feet dehumanising them, suggests how their suffering is ignored, reinforces colonial power (Gilroy)
- Language and mode of address-
- 'red soles are always in season'- mocks the ironic branding whilst highlighting the suffering of the children place those in support of the brand as the enemy (Levi-Strauss), red connotes evil and suffering (Barthes)
- Layout and design- minimalistic reflecting the lifestyle of these children vs the fast fashion industry and materialistic culture in our society
'Save the planet kill yourself' article-
- Main graphics- play on words, juxtaposition between 'save' and 'kill', direct mode of address
- White smoke effect- appear like flames suggestive of how the world is 'going up in flames' due to the careless, greedy actions of humanity
Refugee and model page-
- Barbed wire- connotations of being trapped, treated like animals
- Children- innocence, evokes more emotion
- Black and white vs coloured- intensity of model industry compared to the simple struggle to survive of the refugees, one teaching to starve yourself and the others starving to death
- Red dress- danger, eating disorders
Woman on the street vs model page-
- Layout and design- minimalistic, uses disintegrating effect used throughout magazine, could be suggesting our world is wasting away due to the consumeristic ideals of our society, juxtaposing images are used to suggest the meaning of the page, the image of the model appears painted on reflecting how fake the model industry is creating artificial ideals for your girls
- Language and mode of address-
- 'disintegration' from the quote about climate change from Justin Gillis
- repetition of the word 'rise' reflecting how fast global warming is becoming an imminent issue
- Teddy bears on woman's jacket suggest innocence and how those homeless may not have done anything wrong (Barthes)
Industry-
- Published six times a year by Adbusters Media Foundation
- Costs £10.99 an issue
- Circulation: 120,000 readership (website April 2017)
- Genre: independent and campaigning (culture jamming)
- Economic factors- non-profit, anti-capitalist, monthly subscription, lack of advertising, small audience, doesn't particularly advertise
Theories-
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